WOP Energy Requirements: Energy consumption here is a matrix. We use primarily hydro and propane. Our Airstreams run on a 12V battery cycle plugged into a 30amp power outlet. 4 of the 10 have substantial lithium and solar that primarily work when the power is out. The rest have deep cycle batteries that will give you around 8 hours in a power outtage. Any 12v power system can easily have solar and battery augmentation to run more off grid. Ideally we want to move towards more off grid power but our units are not really connected in one building and we are surrounded by 100 foot trees so an off-grid power source as a substantial alternative to hydro and propane other than power outage support is hard. Each unit could run when there is no power for up to 2 or 3 days with additional solar and battery power. The 4 that I added substantial battery and solar each have around 600amps of solar and 880Ah hours of battery backup and 2000 to 3000-watt automatic pure sine inverters. They are always topped up with the 30amp power and only are used when the power is off. Heat is the biggest draw. The propane furnaces in the Airstreams can continue to run as long as there is propane and battery power for the igniters. Without a propane furnace it is hard to provide heat with our off-grid inverted battery power. Plug in heaters draw 1500watts on their own plus all the other draws so a 2000 watt inverter would struggle and it would drain the batteries pretty fast. We also have 4 x Jackery 3000 Explorer Solar Generators that each have a 100 watt to 200 watt solar panel that we can plug into them. We use them to run our Starlink and our electric macerating toilets during a power outage. They have a 30 amp plug that can plug directly into a trailers 30amp plugin. The Restaurant and Motel would be the focus of increasing off grid or lowering the power consumption but the cost of conversion is substantial and the paybacks for solar with the inefficiencies makes if prohibitive. We did install 450lb Propane tanks for our Airstreams that are filled at a wholesale cost by Superior rather than filling them at the Hardware Store. That has lowered our cost substantially. The Restaurant building is a largest single power user. The Garland cooktop, hot water heater and deep fryer run on propane. Heat is baseboard heaters that are not that efficient. When we are open and running the kitchen creates a lot of heat so we don't need much baseboard heat for at least 9 months a year. A heat pump combined with possibly a wood fireplace and solar and battery back up for both the Motel and the Restaurant would be good options. We already have a propane generator. Overall Airstreams are pretty efficient power users. Most of the cooktops are propane and the furnace is propane. Outside the Hot Tubs are 15amp Soft Tubs heated at 104 degrees. The highest cost and least efficient is the propane fire pits and BBQs. Guests waste a lot of propane and our cost to refill is expensive. Guests also run too much heat and AC in the summer which makes no sense but that is the usual with hospitality guests. We don't allow the burning of logs for fire safety and smoke/pollution reasons. Our costs are approximately $30,000 a year for BC Hydro and the same for Propane. The capital costs for installing solar in the restaurant would be around $75,000 and it would just reduce our grid power not run the restaurant. Reduction would be around $4,000 to $5,000 a year at the most so around a 18 year payback. We have a propane generator that runs off the main 1000lb Restaurant Propane tank. It automatically turns on in a power outage to run the freezers, coolers and the kitchen fan. It doesn't power the baseboard heat, water, pizza oven or the espresso machine but keeps the food from spoiling and the lights on. Water here comes from two wells. We pay an annual fee to the Government now for well water usage. We use approximately 10,000 hydro cost. We have a water softner and purifier system that has an capital costs and a bit of maintenance cost for sand and filters but it isn't that substantial. --------------PAGE Number: 1. END OF PAGE----------------------- Category Details Primary Energy Sources Hydro (BC Hydro), Propane, Solar (Limited), Battery Storage Airstreams (10 units) 30-amp power outlet, propane heating & cooking 4 Airstreams (Solar + 600 Battery) 2-3 days off-grid 6 Airstreams (Deep Cycle Last ~8 hours in a power outage Battery) Heating Propane furnaces (battery required for igniters), Electric heaters (1500W, inefficient) Hot Tubs 15-amp Soft Tubs, heated at 104F Backup Power 4x Jackery 3000 Explorer Solar Generators (100W-200W (Airstreams) solar panels, 30-amp plug) Off-Grid Limitations 100 Restaurant (Largest Propane: Garland cooktop, deep fryer, water heater; Power User) Baseboard heating (inefficient) Backup Power Propane generator (1000 Ib tank), runs freezers, coolers, (Restaurant) kitchen fan, lights Restaurant - Power Generator does not run baseboard heat, water heater, pizza Limitations oven, espresso machine Motel Energy Use Target for off-grid expansion, possible solar + battery upgrade Propane Usage 450 Fire pits & BBQs (wasteful) Total Annual Propane ~$30,000 Cost Total Annual Hydro Cost ~$30,000 Water Usage ~10,000 gallons/week (10 months/year), well pumps included in hydro cost Potential Energy Limit propane fire pit/BBQ use, improve guest heating/AC Reductions habits --------------PAGE Number: 2. END OF PAGE----------------------- Possible Efficiency Heat pump, wood fireplace for restaurant/motel, expanded Upgrades battery backup Solar Feasibility Cost: ~$75,000, Savings: ~$4,000--$5,000/year, Payback: (Restaurant) ~18 years (not cost-effective) Wind Turbine System Details: 20 year life cycle 2..3 Energy Generation Equation=P=0.5C,PTR"V p 0 Where P = Power Generated By Turbine 0 Cp = Coefficient of Performance (Efficiency Factor) 0 Rho = Air Density 0 R = Radius of Turbine 0 V = Wind Speed Two types of Turbines: 0 Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWT): Regular Wind turbines Range from 2.5m diameter for homes to 100+ for offshore Max theoretical efficiency is 59%, but usually operate at 50% efficiency Average annual wind speeds of 6.5m/s or greater at the height of 80m are generally considered commercially viable. UMICH Air turbine info Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT); More inefficient, thus not considered. Initial wind data from Saturna Island (Island Just North of North Pender Island was analysed from January 2024 - June 2024 0 Average wind speed from Jan to Jun was 0.883 m/s, considerably lower than the 3m/s average wind speed cutoff point given to assess wind turbine viability. This data was taken from Saturna island, and local vegetation, elevation, and topography can affect wind readings. An option to purchase higher-elevation land by WoP on Pender Island with higher wind speeds will be considered by WoP. Currently, wind power seems infeasible due to the Resorts location a the centre of the island, surrounded by tall vegetation. Environmental Indicator Research Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions: --------------PAGE Number: 3. END OF PAGE----------------------- https://www.energy.gov/eere/wind/articles/how-wind-can-help-us-breathe-easier#: ~:text=In%20general%2C%20lifecycle%20greenhouse%20gas,2%2FkWh%20for %20natural%20gas. 11 gCO2e/kWh Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Electricity-Generating Technologies Zoom in by clicking to select an area or hover your mouse to see more detail. 2k Renewable Resources Storage 1k 151 I IIIEF T 0 -1k -2k Wind Coal Biopower Storage Photovoltaics Geothermal Hydropower Offshore Natural Gas (Conventional) Lithium-lon Battery Nuclear (Light Water Reactor) Source:U.S. Department of Energy's Wind Energy Technologies Office Wind Vision report (2015) Land-based Wind: ~12g CO2/kWh Offshore Wind: ~19g CO2/kWh https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652620334302 increasing the dimensions of wind machine would reduce the CO2-equ emissions https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/environmental-impacts-wind-power between 0.02 and 0.04 pounds of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilowatt-hour Air and water pollution: https://renewablesassociation.ca/wind-energy/#:~:text=The%20production%20of %20electricity%20from,be%20deployed%20in%20different%20configurations. --------------PAGE Number: 4. END OF PAGE----------------------- The production of energy from turbines causes no air or water pollution https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/environmental-impacts-wind-power There is impact on wildlife notably birds and bats Evidence of death from collisions with wind turbines and due to changes in air pressure when turbines are spinning However, impacts are relatively low and do not pose a threat to species populations No water use associated with operation of wind turbines Water is used to manufacture steel and cement Land use: https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/environmental-impacts-wind-power Land use impact varies depending on the site Wind turbines placed in flat areas use more land than those located in hilly areas If multiple are used they must be spaced apart use between 30 and 141 acres per megawatt of power output capacity less than 1 acre per megawatt is disturbed permanently and less than 3.5 acres per megawatt are disturbed temporarily during construction Offshore wind facilities require larger amounts of space because the turbines and blades are bigger than their land-based counterparts offshore installations may compete with a variety of other ocean activities, such as fishing, recreational activities, sand and gravel extraction, oil and gas extraction, navigation, and aquaculture Resource sustainability: concrete, steel, iron, fibreglass, polymers, aluminium, copper, zinc Mining and refining of many of these materials have geopolitic and ghg emissions impacts Relatively abundant materials https://renewablesassociation.ca/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/CanREA-factsheet -Recycling-wind-turbine-components.pdf Most of the turbine is recyclable but the blades are not really 85-90% recyclable https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/30/climate/wind-turbine-recycling-climate.html end of their life span of around 20 years expect more than 43 million tons of landfill waste will be generated by turbine blades globally by 2050 --------------PAGE Number: 5. 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